Proterozoic-Palaeozoic sedimentation and palaeomagnetism is useful in understanding the configuration of northern Indian plate margin, paleoclimate and wandering path of the Indian plate subsequent to the breakup from the Gondwana assembly.

Late Cretaceous and syn-collisional sediments of Paleocene and Eocene in the Sub Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya and Shillong Plateau in Meghalaya are marine transgressive deposits. Sedimentological and paleoclimate studies across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and Paleocene-Eocene thermal maxima are significant for understanding the origin and extent of the Tethys Sea and the evolution of the Himalayan-Alpine orogenic belt.

Quaternary deposits are good repositories of climate change and tectonic evolution and hence its response over sedimentation. Quaternary tectonics has played a dominant role in the formation of inter-montane basins (Duns) in the Sub Himalaya and lacustrine basins in the Higher Himalaya. The Quaternary and Holocene speleothems (cave deposits) of NW and NE Himalaya are being studied for the paleoclimate and paleomonsoon interpretations.